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CCCCD Psyc 2301 by Wade Baggette

CCCCD: Associate Professor Wade Baggette

Spring 2007 Section P08

Upcoming PopQuiz (January 22 / 24)

Know:

  • •Hindsight Bias and Overconfidence (pp. 19-22)
  • •Scientific Method (pp. 24-26)
  • •Hypothesis & Operational Definition (p. 25)
  • •Correlation Need Not Mean Causation (p. 33)

"Correlation Need Not Mean Causation" is also known as the "third factor problem" or "third variable problem."

Chapter One Information and Links (and Prologue)

The following topics from the Prologue and Chapter One are important and exam-worthy:

  • Be familiar with the history of psychology, as described in the front covers of the book
  • Know, in particular, about the work and theories of Franz Mesmer, Phillipe Pinel, Paul Broca, Carl Wernicke (pronounced "Vern-icky"), Franz Joseph Gall, Ernst Weber, Wilhelm Wundt, Alfred Binet, David Wechsler, Rorschach, Cattel, Walter B. Cannon, Freud, Jung, Adler, Karen Horney (pronounced Horn-eye), Watson, Pavlov, Skinner, Maslow, Rogers, Erik Erikson, Milton Erickson, Milgram, Seligman, Bandura, Rescorla & Wagner, Edward O. Wilson, & Elizabeth Loftus.
  • Know also (from the back cover): the "visual cliff," and "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two"
  • Know more specifically the details of Wilhelm Wundt, what he was testing, and the birth of psychology.
  • Know the basics about study skills as described in the textbook.
     
  • Know, especially, Overconfidence, hindsight bias, illusory correlation,  the Fundamental Attribution Error (Chapter 18) and related topics.  These topics will be the subject of several test questions.
  • Know about experimental groups, control groups, and why random assignment is used.
  • Know about the Null Hypothesis, the Alternative Hypothesis, Rejecting the Null Hypothesis, Failing to Reject the Null Hypothesis, and when you may assert the Null. 
    Know the "Radio Station Metaphor."  (This last is not in the book.)
     
  • Know Naturalistic Observation, Surveys, Correlation, Experimental Design & Methodology, & Hypothesis Testing
     
  • Know the following: mean, median, mode, and range.  You do not have to know how to calculate a standard deviation, but you must know the "area under the curve" for one standard deviation from the mean, and the "area in the tails" for two standard deviations from the mean.
     
  • Know what an "outlier" is.
     
  • Know positive correlation, negative correlation, predication and causation related to correlation, the "third variable problem," and problems with correlation based on a linear model.

  • Chapter One Diagrams

    The following are diagrams related to class lecture.  They WILL be used on the test.

    Diagram #1

    Diagram #2

    Theorists

    •  Plato  Brain as seat of mental activity

    • Locke: tabula rasa and empiricism

    • Franz Mesmer:  First Major Theorist in Hypnosis; (The other two were Freud & Milton Erickson) (Exam I)

    • Phillipe Pinel:     Advocated Humane Treatment of the Mentally Ill, starting in 1793 (Exam IV)
       

    • Paul Broca: discovered "Broca's Area" in the brain;
          an area critical to production of spoken language (Exam I or Exam II)

    • Carl Wernicke (pronounced "Vern-icky"), (Exam I or Exam II)
          discovered an area essential to comprehension of language

    • Franz Joseph Gall: developed the idea of "Phrenology"; later discredited (Exam I or Exam II)

    • Ernst Weber: discovered the "just noticeable difference" (jnd) associated with "Weber's Law" (Exam I or Exam II)

    • Wilhelm Wundt: developed the first psychology laboratory.  Know the details. (Exam I)
       

    • Alfred Binet: developed the first intelligence test (Exam III or Exam IV)

    • David Wechsler: developed the Wechsler-Bellvue, the forerunner of what is probably the most widely used intelligence tests: the WISC (Children) and the WAIS (Adults) (Exam III or Exam IV)

    • Rorschach, Herrman: developed the Rorschach Inkblot test, a projective test that is probably both the oldest and most widely used projective test (Exam IV)

    • Cattel: developed the first factor analysis personality test (16pf), other than for clinical populations (Exam IV)

    • Hathaway and McKinley: development of the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) (Exam IV)
       

    • Walter B. Cannon: identified the "fight or flight" response associated with epinephrine and the sympathetic nervous system (Exam II and Exam IV)

    • Freud: Know that Freud studied dreams, resurrected hypnosis, and was the first of the three co-founders of "depth psychology"  (Depth psychology emphasized Unconscious Mental Processes)

    • Jung:  Also a co-founder of "depth psychology."  Especially known for his ideas of the "collective unconscious" and "archetypes." (Exam IV)

    • Adler: Also a co-founder of "depth psychology."  Especially known for the concepts of "inferiority complex," and "fictional finalism."  Considered by some to be a key forerunner to modern family therapy. (Exam IV)

    • Karen Horney (pronounced Horn-eye): a Neo-Freudian who was an important challenger to Freud
       

    • Watson: Key Founder of the School of Behaviorism; first APA President; became a marketing guru (see, also, p. 324 for more details; also on Exam III)

    • Thorndike: known for the "Law of Effect," "Trial and Error Learning," and Associative Learning; forerunner of Skinner (Exam III)

    • Pavlov: Russian Physiologist turned psychologist who developed one of the most important learning theories: Classical Conditioning (see, also, pp. 315-321; Exam III)

    • Skinner: American Psychologist at Harvard who developed the concepts of Operant Conditioning and "Behavior Modification."  Also a very controversial figure who wrote a book titled "Beyond Freedom and Dignity" (Exam III)
       

    • Maslow: one of the most famous Humanist psychologists; known for his concept of self-actualization and his pyramid of needs (Exam IV)

    • Rogers: also a famous Humanist psychology; famous for his concepts of "client centered therapy" (Exam IV)
       

    • Piaget: famous developmental psychologist known for his four stage model of cognitive development in children: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational (Exam II)

    • Erik Erikson: famous developmental psychologist known for his eight stage model (Exam II)

    • Milton Erickson: famous for "NLP" (used by Tony Robbins and others); famous for his development of modern hypnosis and "brief therapy" (Exam II or Exam III)
       

    • Milgram: Social Psychologist known for (1) "Obedience to Authority" and (2) Six Degrees of Separation (Exam IV)

    • Seligman:  Psychologist known for (1) Learned Helplessness and (2) Learned Optimism (Exam IV)

    • Bandura:  Known for (1) Social Learning Theory (Observational Learning, pp 341-346, Exam III) and (2) Reciprocal Determinism (Exam IV)

    • Rescorla & Wagner: developed four important ideas regarding Pavlov's theories (Exam III)

    • Edward O. Wilson:  controversial figure who studied ant colonies and developed "Sociobiology" (Exam II)

    • Elizabeth Loftus: famous for her work on the unreliability of memory and especially falsified memories.  Received death threats for the publication of her work.

    Please review the front and rear covers of the book for more details.  Many, if not all, of these theorists will be covered in this course.

    • Most Recent Site Update: 09/14/2007