Chapter 20

1.  In the 1530s, the Spanish religious teacher named ________ founded the Society of Jesus, which would become known as the ________, one of the most important and influential of the monastic orders.

2.  The writings of the 16th-century mystic ________ convey her visions in language charged with sensuous -- and even erotic -- overtones.

3.  The dominant artistic style of the 17th century, the ________ style is characterized in general by ornateness, grandeur, and flamboyance, and more specifically in painting by asymmetry, strong lighting contrasts, and illusionistic effects.

4.  The sculptor and architect ________ designed the colonnade surrounding the plaza in front of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome.

5.  One of the most inventive musical composers ever, ________ introduced polychoral music and concertato and pioneered the use of tonality and modern orchestration.

6.  One of the first full-length operas in music history, ________ was composed by the Italian composer ________.

Chapter 21

1.  The political theory called ________ places unlimited power in the hands of one or more rulers.

2.  The principles of the academic, or Grand Manner, style of painting were formulated by the French painter ________.

3.  While ________ portrait artists investigated the personalities and inner psychologies of their subjects, ________ portrait artists were concerned with outward appearance and aristocratic status.

4.  In the Moliere play Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, the character called ________ struggled to dress and speak like a nobleman.

5.  Shah Jahan, grandson of ________, founder of the Mogul empire in India, commissioned the construction of an elaborate palace complex nicknamed the ________.

6.  The elaborate palace complex of Chinese rulers from the 16th century to the early 20th century is called the ________.
 

1.  The ________  were English Calvinists who demanded church reforms and stricter religious observance.

2.  Two literary achievements of the early 17th century had a lasting impact on English literature and on the English language itself -- the writings of the playwright ________ and the scriptural translation known as the ________.

3.  The poetic form used by Milton in Paradise Lost, ________, consists of unrhymed lines of ten syllables each with accents on every second syllable.

4.  The London cathedral known as ________ was the first cathedral in the Christian world to be completed during the lifetime of its architect, ________.

5.  The creater of the Messiah and the developer of oratorio, ________ became known as "England's greatest composer."

Chapter 23

1.  ________ was a Polish scholar who published a 'heliocentric' theory of the cosmos in a treatise called On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres.

2.  The Italian astronomer ________ was executed by the Inquisition for asserting that the universe was infinite and that other solar systems might exist.

3.  ________ is known as the founder of both modern Western philosophy and the mathematical field of analytic geometry.

4.  Latin for "blank slate," the principle of ________ proposes that the human mind is blank at birth, to be written upon by experience followed by reflection upon experience.

5.  In the treatise known as the Principia, the English astronomer/mathematician ________ published his theory of universal gravitation, which described the operations of the universe as similar to that of a ________, calculable with a set of well-defined mathematical equations.

6.  Jan Vermeer is thought to have conceived his paintings with the use of the ________, an optical device that anticipated the modern pinhole camera.

Chapter 24

1.  ________, the French aristocrat who pioneered the field of sociology, argued that governments should be built upon a system of separation of powers, with checks and balances between those powers.

2.  The Scottish philosopher Adam Smith applied the concepts of ________ to economic behavior.

3.  The salons of France, where much debate over Enlightenment thought took place, were organized and directed by ________.

4.  The belief that all events and existence (even evil) are necessary to the universe is called ________.

5.  Two of the earliest London periodicals, the Tatler and the Spectator, were published by ________ and ________.

6.  The greatest English poet of the 18th century was ________.
 

1.  In A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift suggests satirically that the problem of poverty be solved through ________.

2.  ________ used his novel Candide to satirize the beliefs of philosophical optimism.

3.  ________ was the author of the Chinese satirical novel Flowers in the Mirror.

4.  An outspoken critic of the Enlightenment, ________ believed humans were born good, but they were corrupted by society and its institutions.

5.  The Scottish philosopher ________, a noted skeptic, argued that human knowledge was of two types: sense perception (experience) and logical relationships (definitions).

6.  Immanuel Kant shifted the focus of Western philosophy from questioning the nature of ________ to examining the mind and its operations.
 

1.  The island of ________, according to legend, was the birthplace of the goddess Venus.

2.  The French painter ________ was known for his humble still lifes and genre scenes, such as The Kitchen Maid.

3.  ________ was a Venetian architect and engineer whose popular prints, made from his engravings of Roman architecture, strongly influenced the work of French and English architects.

4.  ________ was the architect of the Virginia State Capitol and the Rotunda library building at the University of Virginia (the first American public university, which he also founded), structures that show the influence of ________ on early American architecture.

5.  The most important instrumental musical ensemble grouping to emerge in the eighteenth century was the ________.

6.  The Austrian composer ________ was called the "Father of the Symphony."

Humanities 1301 -- Calendar

Humanities 1301 -- Introduction

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