Study Guide: Chapters 1-5

Questions, terms, and topics for Chapters 1-5 (WebCT Exam 3)

 

 

Chapter 1 ORIGINS: The First Civilizations

 

Key Questions

1. What are the landmarks of prehistory?

2. What are the landmarks of humankind’s first civilizations?

3. How have these landmarks shaped or influenced our present-day lives?

 

Key Topics & Vocabulary

  1. prehistory
  2. culture
  3. dating systems
  4. Paleolithic culture
  5. Neolithic culture
  6. megalith
  7. post and lintel
  8. the birth of civilization
  9. Mesopotamia
  10. pictographs
  11. cuneiform
  12. animism
  13. myth
  14. cosmology
  15. metallurgy
  16. epic
  17. ziggurat
  18. Hammurabi’s Code
  19. polytheism
  20. ancient Egyptian religion
  21. ancient Egyptian art
  22. fresco
  23. relief
  24. ancient Egyptian government
  25. theocracy
  26. theocratic socialism
  27. Indus Valley
  28. Hindu pantheism
  29. Brahman
  30. Atman
  31. karma
  32. caste
  33. nirvana
  34. the Shang Dynasty
  35. aristocracy of merit
  36. mandate of heaven
  37. Daoism
  38. yin and yang
  39. dao
  40. qi

 

 

 

Chapter 2 CLASSICISM: The Greek Legacy

Key Questions

1. What are the principal landmarks of the Greek legacy?  Why have these become “classics”?

2. What distinguishes Hellenic from Hellenistic culture?

3. How do the words “classical” and “classicism” apply to the landmarks of other world cultures?

 

Key Terms

  1. classical/neoclassical
  2. humanism
  3. idealism

4.      Mycenaean Civilization

5.      The Heroic Age

6.      Persian Wars

7.      The Golden Age of Greece

8.      polis

  1. oligarchy
  2. democracy
  3. Peloponnesian Wars
  4. Greek Drama
  5. Sophists
  6. Confucius
  7. Plato
  8. allegory of the cave
  9. Aristotle
  10. dialectical method
  11. syllogism
  12. ethics
  13. empiricism
  14. Golden Mean
  15. Greek (vase) painting
  16. Greek sculpture
  17. Greek architecture
  18. order (architecture)
  19. Ionic/Doric/Corinthian

28.  Greek music and dance

29.  The Hellenistic Age

  1. Hellenic/Hellenistic

 

 

  

Chapter 3 EMPIRE: The Power and the Glory of Rome

 

Key Questions

1. In what ways do the landmarks of ancient Rome reflect the power and glory of the Roman Empire?

2. How did Rome become an empire?  In what ways did ancient Rome transform the classical legacy of the Greeks?

3. What similarities might be drawn between the civilizations of imperial Rome and Han China?

 

Key Terms

  1. Latins
  2. Etruscans
  3. Greeks
  4. Phoenicians
  5. patricians
  6. plebeians
  7. tribunes
  8. the Roman Republic
  9. res publica
  10. imperialism
  11. Julius Caesar
  12. the Roman Empire
  13. jurisprudence
  14. Roman sculpture
  15. equestrian
  16. Roman architecture
  17. vault
  18. basilica
  19. atrium
  20. apse
  21. trompe l’oeil
  22. Pax Romana
  23. Roman painting and mosaic
  24. realism
  25. the Qin Dynasty
  26. terra-cotta
  27. Great Wall
  28. the Han Dynasty
  29. Silk Road
  30. secular

 

 

  

Chapter 4 REVELATION: The Flowering of World Religions

 

Key Questions

1. What role did revelation play in the origins and perpetuation of these three great religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

2. What do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have in common? How do they differ? How does Buddhism differ from the former three?

3. What are the notable landmarks of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism?

 

Key Terms

1.      the Hebrews

2.      covenant

3.      Yahweh/Jehovah

4.      Canaan

5.      Decalogue

6.      prophet

7.      menorah

8.      Exodus

9.      Diaspora

10.  Babylonian Captivity

11.  mystery cult

12.  Joshua

13.  Christos

14.  Paul

15.  Edict of Milan

16.  Nicene Creed

17.  monasticism

18.  the Latin church fathers

19.  liturgy

20.  dogma

21.  Christian iconography

22.  catacombs

23.  regular clergy/secular clergy

24.  basilica

25.  Latin/Greek cross plan

26.  the Byzantine Empire

27.  Code of Justinian

28.  Hagia Sophia

29.  San Vitale

30.  iconoclasm

31.  archetypes

32.  early Christian music

33.  Islam (as a religion)

34.  Allah

35.  Mecca

36.  Kaaba

37.  hajj

38.  hijra

39.  jihad

40.  caliph

41.  imam

42.  mullah

43.  muezzin

44.  mosque

45.  Islamic art

46.  Buddha/Buddhism

47.  bodhisattva

48.  Four Noble Truths

49.  Eightfold Path

 

 

 

Chapter 5 SYNTHESIS:  The Rise of the West

 

Key Questions

1. What distinctive cultural traditions and peoples contributed to the formation of the West?

2. What landmarks best reveal the synthesis of Germanic, Greco-Roman, and Christian cultures in the era known as the early Middle Ages?

 

Key Terms

1.      synthesis

2.      medieval

3.      Germanic culture

4.      Battle of Adrianople

5.      Fealty

6.      feudalism

7.      the Carolingian Renaissance

8.      Book of Kells

9.      monastery

10.  refectory

11.  manuscript illumination

12.  the birth of the novel (Japan)

13.  fief

14.  moat

15.  keep

16.  manor

17.  serf

18.  chivalry

19.  chain mail

20.  samurai

21.  bushido

22.  the Norman Conquest

23.  moat

24.  keep

25.  Bayeux Tapestry

26.  Vikings

27.  the Crusades

28.  troubadour

29.  lute

30.  medieval romance

31.  courtly love

32.  “textural culture”

33.  liturgical drama

34.  Tang and Song Dynasties

35.  porcelain

36.  landscape painting