Geirfa (Vocabulary)

a
c. (+tll.)  and
a1
gn. (+tm.)   a preverbal article before a noun clause followed by a soft mutation [GMW 64-74]
a2 [â]
ardd. (+tll.)  with, by means of [GMW 181-2, 206]
parth a'r, towards the [lit. by means of/in the direction of the]
a3
gng.  (precedes questions)
A'e hatwaenost? do you know him?
a4
rhp.d.  that (would) [connects a relative pronoun subjunctive clause]
a ochelawd Arthur eiryoet, that ever fled (from) Arthur
a dalyo Drutwyn, that would hold Drutwyn
a5
rhp.g.  that (you} [connects a relative pronoun object clause]
a wely di, that you see
abreid
af.  hardly, with difficulty
ac
c.  and (before vowels)
ac1
ardd.  with (before vowels)  see a2.
aeth-ant
ag.  went {ell deu} (mynd) [WV 195] [GMW 132]
allan
af.  out;
o hynny allan, from then on
am
c. (+tm.)  because  [GMW 182]
am hynny, and because of that
an [ein]
rh.  our, us
angheu [angau]
gb.  death
anghyfnerth
b.  infirmity, weakness, misfortune
anueitrawl [anfeidrol]
a.  immeasurable, immense
ar
ardd.  on, upon; in; over; of; for; at [GMW 183+]
ar benn, on top of
ar Garn Gwylathyr, on Carn Gwylathyr
ar wynt mwyaf, in the greatest wind
anghyfnerth ar Arthur, misfortune on Arthur
arnaw [arno]
ardd. + rh.  on him (ar) [GMW 58]
Arthur
ep. [CO xxvii (passim)]
atwaen-ost [adwaen-ost]
apm.  {you} know/recognize (adnabod) [WV 3] [GMW 148]
at-wen [adwaen]
apm.  {I} recognize [WV 3] [GMW 148]
baed [baedd]
g.  boar
barfog
a.  bearded [CO 133-4]
Dillus Uarruaawc, Dillus the Bearded
baryf [barf]
g.  beard [GMW 12]
Bedwyr
ep.  native British hero whose character contributed to the legend of Lancelot in the later French Arthurian romances. [CO 67-8]
bell
tm.  see pell.
benn
tm.  see penn.
bod
be.  is, was, being (that) [WV 25]
y uot ef, that he was
breu [brau]
a.  brittle
bryssyaw
tm.  see pryssyaw.
bu
ag.  was (bod) [WV 25] [GMW 136-138]
buant
ag.  were (bod) [WV 25] [GMW 136-138]
byd [bydd]
ap/da.  will be (bod) [WV 25] [GMW 136-138]
bydei [byddai]
aga.  would be (bod) [WV 25] [GMW 136-138]
byt [byd]
g.  world
byw
be.  to live, living
af.  *alive
carn
g.  cairn, burial-mound [CO 148]
Carn Gwylathyr, burial-mound on the slopes of the [source of the] Wye river.
chwedl
b.  tale, story
chyllellprenneu
tll.  see cyllellprenneu.
chynllyuann
tll.   see kynllyuan.
cnithiaw [cnithio]
g.  to pluck
coet [coed]
ab.  wood
Culhwch
ep.  "Young Swine" or"Burrow of Swine" [CO xxix-xxx, 46-7]
cwb-yl [cwbl]
a.  completely, fully [GMW 100-1]
cyll-ell-prenn-eu [cyllellprennau]
ll.  wooden tweezers
cyt a(c)
ardd.  along with
dal-y-o
md.  could capture (dal) [WV  85] [GMW 128]
dan
tm.  see tan.
dar-oed
aa.  {they} happened, had (darfod) [WV  87] [GMW 146]
de-heu
g.  south
dei-uaw [deifio]
be.  to singe
deu [dau]
a.  two [GMW 45]
di
tm.  see ti.
di-heu [diau]
a.  sure, certain
Dillus (Uarruawc)
ep.  [CO 133-4]
dim
af.  any, not, no none, at all; [GMW 106-8]
g.  anything, nothing, none;
a.  any, no
draet
tm.  see traet.
drossi
tm.  see trossi.
Drutwyn
ep. "Fierce/Brave White" [CO 148]
dy
rho.  you
syll dy, look (you)
dynessau [dynesu]
be.  draw near, approach
dyrn-awt
g.  a blow
dyw-awt [dywedodd]
{Kei} said (dweud) [WV  111] [GMW 124]
'e ['i]
rhm. (tm.)  see ei.
edrych
be.  to look
ef
rh.  he, him
eglyn [englyn]
g.  a Welsh alliterative stanza of three or four lines[CO 149]
ei
rhm. (+ tm.)  *him, his [GMW 55-6]
a'e hatwaenost? do you know him?
a'e rodi, and gave him
a'e wascu, and pressed him
eir-y-oet [erioed]
af.  ever [GMW 222]
eiss-i-oes
af.  however, *nevertheless [GMW 222]
eist-ed [eistedd]
g.  to sit
ell (yll) [ill]
ardd.  they; both
ell deu [ill dau], both of them [GMW 99-100]
Eri
ep.  [CO 68, 148-9]
eu
rh.  their, *them
yn eu kylch, around them [lit. in their midst]
gad-wn
mg.  let {us} allow/leave (gadael) [WV 132] [GMW 152]
gan
ardd.  with, by; of, from;
c. as, inasmuch as, because, since [GMW 190-1]
gantunt [ganddynt]
ardd. + rh.  with them (gan) [GMW 60]
garn
tm.  see carn.
Gei
tm.  see Kei.
gnithiaw
tm.  see cnithiaw.
gochel-awd [gochelodd]
ag.  fled from/avoided {rysswr} (gochel) [GMW 114-5]
goruc
ag. (bg.)  did [GMW 130]
gorug-ant
ag. (bg.)  did, made {they} (gwneuthur) [GMW 130]
Greit
ep.  [CO 148-9]
gwala
b.  enough, plenty
gwascu [gwasgu]
be.  to squeeze, press
gwbyl
tm.  see cwbyl.
gwedy
ardd.  after [GMW 193-4]
gwel-y
ap. (brh.)  you see (gweld) [GMW 114-5] [WV 157]
gwel-ynt [gwelent]
aa. (brh.)  saw {Bedwyr / Kei} (gweld) [GMW 114-5] [WV 157]
gwic [gwig]
b.  wood
Kelli Wic (ell.), Wood Grove.
gwn-a
ad. (brh.)  will (do) (gwneud) [GMW 130] [CO 149]
gwn-aethant
ag. (brh.)  they did (gwneud) [GMW 130]
gwyneuthur [gwneud]
be.  to make, to do [GMW 130]
gwr
g.  man
gwyb-u
ag.  knew {Kei} (gwybod) [GMW 147-8]
Gwylathyr
ell.  see carn.
gwynt
g.  wind
gwyr
ll.  men (g. gwr)
gyt a(c)
ardd.  along with
hagen
c.  however
hatwaenost
see atwaenost. [GMW 23] [CO 148]
heb (y) [ebe]
ag.  said [GMW 154] [CO 148]
heb1
ardd.  without
heuyt
af.  neither (with negative)
honn
rh. / a. b.  this [GMW 82-5]
hwnn
a.  this [GMW 82-5]
hynny
rh.  those, that (not present) [GMW 83-4]
a gwedy hynny and after that
o hynny allan from then on
wrth hynnyconcerning that
yn hynny at that
hyt [hyd]
ardd.  to, as far as;
hyt pan, c. (so) that [GMW 238]
(aethant) hyt yg Kelli Wic, (they came) together in Celli Wig
iach
a.  well, healthy
kan-ei [can-ai]
aa. (brh.)  sang, recited {Arthur} [GMW 114-5] [WV 37]
kanys [canys]
c.  for (it), because, since [GMW 234]
kelli [celli]
b. ell.   grove;
Kelli Wic [Celli Wig], place name associated with the court of Arthur.
Kei [Cei]
ep.  native Authurian hero, associated with Kay in later Continental Romances [CO 60-1]
keneu [cenau]
g.  cub [CO 149]
Kernyw [Cernyw]
ell.  Cornwall [CO 82-3]
kic [cig]
g.  meat, flesh
kylch [cylch]
g.  around, circle, vicinity
kynghor [cynghor]
g.  counsel, advice
kynllyuan [cynllyfan]
g.  leash
kyscu [cysgu]
be.  to sleep
kyueillt [cyfaill]
g.  friend;  see myn. [CO 148]
myn llaw vyng kyueillt, by the hand of my friend
lad
tm.  see llad.
llad [lladd]
be.  to kill
llaw
b.  hand; see myn and kyueillt.
myn llaw vyng kyueillt, by the hand of my friend
llwyr
a.  completely
llyna
eb.  lo there! behold;
syll yna, look there [GMW 246]
mab
g.  son, son of (in personal names)
mae
ap.  is {an kynghor} (bod) [GMW 136] [WV 25-6]
marw
afbe.   to die
af.  *dead
mawr
a.  great, large
meint [maint]
gb.  force, strength, amount [GMW 93-4]
milwyr
ll.  warriors (g. milwr)
mwc [mwg]
g.  smoke
mwyaf
a.  most, greatist
mwynh-aa
ap. will be of use {I (Kei)} (mwynhau)
myn
ardd.  originally "an oath"; a Middle Welsh formula of swearing rendered "by"; [GMW 245-6]
myn llaw vyng kyueillt, by the hand of my friend
'n
see yn.
nac
c.  (n)or [GMW 232]
namyn
ardd. except (for) [GMW 232]
ninneu [ninnau]
rhcll.  we,  (also, too)
ny
gnn.  (negative pre-verbal particle) [GMW 173]
nyt [nid]
not (negative article) [GMW 144]
nyt oes, there is not
o
ardd.  *from, of, out of; by
o bell, from afar
o'e uaryf, from his beard
o uaryf, from (the) beard
o hynny allan, from then on
ochelawd
tm.  see gochelawd.
odyna [oddiyna]
af.  then (from there) [GMW 221]
o'e
see o and ei.
oes
ap. is there (bod) [GMW 144]
nyt oes, there is not
Olwen
ep.  "White Track" [CO 117-8]
onyt
c.  if not, unless [GMW 241]
oruc
tm.  see goruc.
orugant
tm.  see gorugant.
pan
c. (tm.)  when; [GMW 242]
see also hyt.
parth (â)
ardd.  towards; parth â is written "parth a/ac" in medieval texts. [GMW 181-2, 206]
pei
c.  if [GMW 242]
pell
a.  far, afar
ym pell, far away
penn [pen]
g.  head, top
pryssyaw [prysio]
be.  to hurry
Pumlumon
ell.  highest peak in central Wales, source of the Rheidol, Severn and Wye.
pwll
g.  pit, pool
'r
see  y.
racco (acw)
af.  yonder [GMW 60] [CO 113]
racko
see racco.
reit [rhaid]
g.  need, necessity [GMW 198]
rodi [rhoddi]
be.  to  give, place, put
rwng (y rwng) [rhwng]
ardd.  between; in Middle Welsh preceded by the particle y.
rysswr [rhysswr]
g.  champion, warrior
sorr-es
aa.  was displeased, grew angry {Kei} (sorri)
syll
mg.  look
syll dy, look (you)
tan
ardd.  under, beneath, underneath, below [GMW 209-210]
tan1
g.  fire
tangneuedu [tangnefeddu]
be.  to make peace
taraw [taro]
be.  to beat, strike
ti
rha.  you, your
tharaw
tll.  see taraw.
tra
c.  while [GMW 54]
traet [traed]
ll.  feet (b. troed)
trossi [trosi]
be.  to move, turn
tynn-ir
apamh.  is pulled {baryf} (tynnu) [WV 248]
uab [fab]
tm.  see mab.
uaraf [faraf]
tm.  see baryf.
Uarruawc [Farfog]
tm.  see barfog.
uarw [farw]
tm.  see marw.
uaryf [faryf]
tm.  see baryf.
udunt [iddynt]
ardd. + rh.  to them (i) [GMW 60]
ueint [feint]
tm.  see meint.
uilwyr [filwyr]
tm.  see milwyr.
uot [fod]
tm.  see bod.
uu [fu]
tm.  see bu.
uyd [fydd]
tm.  see byd.
uydei [fydei]
tm.  see bydei.
vwc [fwg]
tm.  see mwc.
vyng [fyng]
rh. [fy + ngh- (ttr.]  my [CO 60-1]
myn llaw vyng kyueillt, by the hand of my friend
vyw [fyw]
tm.  see byw.
wala
tm.  see gwala.
wascu
tm.  see gwascu.
wely
tm.  see gwely.
welynt
tm.  see gwelynt.
wic
tm.  see gwic.
wna
tm.  see gwna.
wnaethant
tm.  see gwnaethant.
wrth
ardd.  close by, by, at, with, *to, through, because (of), since, *according to
wrth hynny, concerning that
(heb) wrth, (said) to [CO 149]
wrthunt [oddi wrthynt]
ardd. + rh.   from them, by them [GMW 213-4]
wybu
tm.  see gwybu.
wynt
tm.  see gwynt.
wynt1
rh.  they [GMW 49]
wynteu
rhcll.  themselves [GMW 49]
wyr
tm.  see gwyr.
y
a.c.  the  (yr before vowels and h, or 'r after vowels) [GMW 24-6]
y1
gn.   a preverbal particle introducing a sentence or a noun clause; yd before vowels [GMW 171]
y2
gn.  particle following heb (said) [GMW 154] [CO 148]
y3
rh.m.. + be. (+tm.)
  *his, *him, its
y lad, killed him
y uot ef, he was
y gnithiaw, his plucking
y4
rh.m.. + g. / b. (+tm.)
y draet, his feet {Dillus}
y uaryf, his beard {Dillus}
y ueint, its power/strength {dyrnawt (blow)}
y wala, his fill {Dillus}
y wyr, his men {Arthur}
y5
ardd.  to (i)
y yssu, to consume, devour
y6
ardd.  for
y uilwyr, for (the) warriors
y7
gn. (+ ardd.)   particle preceding certain prepositions in Middle Welsh
y rwng, between
y wrthunt, from them
yd
gn.  (pre-verbal particle) see y1.
yg [yng]
ttr.  see yn. [GMW 216]
ym (ym mh-)
ttr.  see yn.
ym pell [ym mhell]
see yn and pell.
ym-ar-disg-wyl
be.  to watch
ym-yrr-wys
aa.   was concerned {Kei} [CO xxi]
yn ('n)
ardd.  *in, for
ttr.  yg [yng] before c and g; ym before consonants p and b. [GMW 214-6]
yn1
ardd.  involved with (in) (before hynny)
yn2
gn.  before verbs (no mutation) [GMW 215-6]
yn3
gn. (+tm.)  before adjectives, adverbs and nouns
yna
af.  there, in that place; thereupon
yng
see yn.
yno
af.  there, at that place; then (abstract) [GMW 221]
yny
gn.  (preverbal particle)
yny uyd, and lo!
ynys
b.  island
yr
see y.
yr1
ardd.  for*, for the sake of
yssu
be.  to consume, devour
yttoed [ydoedd]
aa.  was, *were {Kei and Bedwyr} (bod) [GMW 137]