psychological testing/major concepts
principal types of tests
mental ability tests/IQ tests
personality tests
attributes of all psychological tests
standardization and norms/all procedures must be similar in order to make general comparison of results
test scores become meaningful only when they can be compared with the performance of others so that they must be defined relative to a pre tested group (standardization)
reliability/are the results of the tests consistent over
time?
reliability/internal consistency
methods for testing reliability
test/retest method
split half technique
validity/do tests measure what they purport to measure?/extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure
content validity/test samples the behavior that is of interest
predictive validity/correlation between test and some criterion
criterion validity/independent measure of what the test aims to assess
Galton/studies of hereditary genius
Binet/breakthrough in the development of these tests
Terman/Stanford-binet (1916)
Weschler/innovations in intelligence testing
WISC-R
WAIS-R
Spearman/general intelligence (g factor)
Cattell/factor analysis
Gardner/multiple intelligence
Sternberg/triarchial theory
role of intelligence testing in modern times
basic questions/intelligence testing
what type of questions appear on intelligence tests?
what do IQ scores mean?/normal curve (distribution of scores)
do intelligence tests measure potential or knowledge?
do intelligence tests have adequate reliability?
do intelligence tests have adequate validity?
do intelligence tests predict success/vocational and/or academic?
are IQ tests widely used in other cultures?
are IQ tests a western phenomenon?
are intelligence tests culturally biased?
extremes of intelligence
mental retardation/classification based on IQ score (70 or less/classified as mentally retarded)
categories/mental retardation
mild
moderate
severe
profound
giftedness
heredity/environment as determinants of intelligence
evidence for heredity influence
evidence for environmental influence
interaction of heredity and environment
twin studies/ monozygotic twin studies
biological vs adoptive parents
enriched environments
cultural differences/raising children
cultural differences in IQ scores/real or myth
new direction in assessment and study of intelligence
increasing emphasis on specific abilities
exploring biological influences of intelligence
efforts to correlate intelligence with brain anatomy, brain functioning, and cognitive processing speed.
Slight correlation between head size and intelligence score
Slightly greater correlation between brain size and intelligence score
Role of glucose levels and cognitive tasks
Highly intelligent individuals process information more quickly
investigating cognitive processes in intelligent behavior
expanding the concept of intelligence
measuring emotional intelligence (EQ)
creativity
nature of creativity
measuring creativity
correlates of creativity
identify factors associated with creativity/describe relationship between creativity and intelligence
components of creativity