learning/relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
What is the importance of learning? What is the significance of the approach of behaviorism to the study of learning?
Watson/study of psychology as objective science
classical conditioning
Pavlov/psychic reflexes
basic processes
neutral stimulus NS
unconditioned stimulus UCS
unconditioned response UCR
conditioned stimulus CS
conditioned response CR
CS------- CR
UCS-----UCR
classical conditioning/everyday usage
insights into drug abuse and how it can be overcome
insights into learning about specific fears/little albert
insights into extinction process with specific behaviors
watson/learned fear experiment
process:
acquisition
extinction
spontaneous recovery
generalization
discrimination
operant conditioning
thorndike/law of effect
skinner/matter of consequences in determining all behavior
terminology/procedures
processes
reinforcement/consequences that strengthen behaviors/responses
what is a reinforcer/anything that increases the probability of a response
shaping/directing behavior toward desired outcome through differential reinforcement of successive approximations of desired outcome
positive versus negative reinforcement (avoidance behavior)
primary versus secondary reinforcement
schedules/reinforcement
continuous/after every response initial stages to strengthen response versus partial (intermittent)/slower acquisition but greater resistance to extinction
(7) identify the different types of reinforcers and major schedules of partial reinforcement
continuous
partial/slower acquisition but greatest resistance to extinction
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
fixed-interval
variable-interval
(8) punishment
conditions for application of punishment
strong/immediate/consistent
(9) what is the significance of cognitive processes and biological predispositions in operant conditioning?
what is latent learning?
what is a cognitive map?
(10) why were skinner’s ideas so controversial?
debate over external influences as opposed to internal thoughts
dehumanization of individuals by neglecting personal freedom and seeking control over actions
(11) what are the major applications of operant conditioning?
learning machines
timeout
behavior modification techniques
(12) observational learning/social learning theory
bandura/describe the process of observational learning
what is the impact of antisocial and prosocial modeling?