chapter 14/psychological disorders

abnormal behavior: myths, realities, and controversies

medical model/application to abnormal behavior/psychological disorders are mental illnesses that need to diagnosed based on their symptoms

critics/what about the deep internal problems

interaction between genetic and psychological factors

criteria/abnormal behavior (arbitrary line between normal/abnormal)

stereotypes/psychological disorders

psychodiagnosis/classification of disorders

DSM IV/describes disorders and prevalence without presuming to explain causes

what is the affect of these labels?/communication and research, but do these labels create preconceptions that bias our perceptions of people’s past and present behavior and unfairly stigmatize these individuals

prevalence of psychological disorders

 

anxiety disorders

generalized anxiety disorder

phobic disorder

panic disorder/agoraphobia

obsessive-compulsive disorder

etiology of anxiety disorders

learning perspective/fear is product of conditioning/reinforcement/observational learning

biological perspective/evolutionary, genetic, and/or physiological influences

 

somatoform disorders

somatization disorder

conversion disorder

hypochondriasis

etiology of somatoform disorders

 

dissociative disorders

dissociative amnesia and fugue/sudden loss of memory or change in identity

dissociative identity disorder/(multiple personality)/two or more distinct personalities

explanations

etiology of dissociative disorders

 

mood disorders

major depressive disorder/extended period of time (two months) exhibit feelings of unhappiness, lethargy, and feelings of worthlessness with symptoms of poor appetite, insomnia, loss of interest in pleasurable activities

bipolar disorder

etiology of mood disorders

biological/emphasis on genetic and biochemical influences

scarcity of norepinephrine and serotonin in depressed individuals

social cognitive/stressful events

mood disorders/does negative thinking cause depression?

schizophrenic disorders

general symptoms

hallucinations

delusions

inappropriate emotions

gradual development

subtypes, course and outcome

acute

catatonic

paranoid

 

personality disorders

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

diagnostic problems

subtypes/personality disorders

antisocial personality disorder

borderline

narcissistic

paranoid

 

psychological disorders and the law

insanity

involuntary commitment

 

culture and pathology

are equivalent disorders found around the world?

are symptom patterns culturally invariant?

 

personal application/eating disorders

anorexia nervosa

bulimia nervosa

history/prevalence/course

etiology of eating disorders