Chapter 12/personality:Theory, research, and assessment

defining/consistency and distinctiveness

personality traits/dispositions and dimensions

five-factor model of personality

 

psychodynamic perspectives

Freud’s psychoanalytic/unconscious motivation (conflict)

structures/id/ego/superego

psychosexual stages of development and describe the effects of fixation on behavior

oral

anal

phallic

latency

genital

oedipal complex/superego

fixation/maladaptive behavior develops from unresolved conflicts at any stage

techniques/tapping the unconscious mind

dream analysis

free association

anxiety/source of conflict/problems

defense mechanisms/protection from anxiety

repression

regression

displacement

projection

reaction formation

rationalization

sublimation

 

Jung’s analytic psychology

collective unconscious/personal unconscious

archetypes

Adler’s individual psychology

individuals born in state of inferiority/striving for superiority

evaluation psychodynamic perspectives

earliest and most complete explanation of the dynamics of human behavior versus lack of validity and testability of concepts

Erikson/psychosocial stages of development versus psychosexual stages (Freud)

sevelopment of individual crises/resolution for completion of personality

 

behavioral perspective

Pavlov’s classical conditioning

Skinner’s operant conditioning/application to personality development

Bandura’s social cognitive (modeling) theory

Mischel/person-situation controversy

Evaluation/behavioral perspectives

Humanistic approach

Roger’s person centered theory/emphasis on individual’s potential for growth, free will, personal choices, and personal responsibility

conditions for humanistic approach

unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy

Maslow’s theory of self-actualization

conditions for self-actualization

evaluation/humanistic theories

vague/subjective

promotes self-indulgence and erosion of moral restraints

fails to realize human capacity for evil

naïve optimism/leads to apathy about social problems

 

biological perspectives

eysenck’s theory/introversion versus extraversion

behavioral genetics and personality

evolutionary approach to personality

evaluation/biological perspectives

 

contemporary approaches

sensation seeking/life in the fast lane

self-monitoring/life as theatre

 

personality assessment

uses of personality scales

effectiveness of personality scales

objective measures

MMPI-2

California personality scale

subjective/projective measures

Rorshach ink blots

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

 

What is the role and prevalence of hindsight bias?

What is the relationship between hindsight and personality?

How well can an understanding of one’s personality predict one’s behavior?