Chapter 10/motivation and emotion

define motivation and identify several theories of motivation

need/desire that energizes behavior toward a specific goal

instincts/Darwin

drive reduction theory/reduction of physiological arousal state to produce homeostasis

incentives/external drives

evolutionary theories

range and diversity of human motives

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

physiological

safety/security

love/belongingness

esteem

self-actualization/define concept

distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation/factors that influence each

intrinsic/desire to be effective and perform a behavior for its own sake

extrinsic/seeking external rewards and avoiding punishment

extrinsic rewards corrupt intrinsic motivation

motivation of hunger and eating

biological determinants/regulation of hunger

glucose levels/low leads to feelings of hunger

hypothalamus/regulates body weight-feelings of hunger and satiety

environmental factors/regulation of hunger

eating and weight/roots of obesity

impact of external incentives and culture on hunger/describe symptoms of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

sight/smell of food triggers hunger and eating

eating disorders/anorexia-15% below body weight with belief that one is fat

bulimia/binge-purge episodes

sexual motivation and behavior

determinants of sexual desire

evolutionary analysis of human sexual behavior

kinsey report/confidential interviews and surveys which have shown wide variations in sexual behavior

evolution, culture and mating priorities

describe research findings on the nature and dynamics of sexual orientation and discuss the place of values in sex research

sexual orientation/enduring sexual attraction toward members of either own sex (homosexual) or opposite sex (heterosexual)

biological factors/hormonal factors/genetic factors

human sexual response/impact of hormones and psychological factors on sexual motivation

human sexual cycle

excitement

plateau

orgasm

resolution

sexual triggers/arousal

sexual disorders

affiliation/search for belongingness

self-esteem/personal value

achievement/search for excellence

need for achievement/individual differences/nature and sources of achievement motivation

desire for significant accomplishment/mastery of things, people, or ideas/control and for attaining high standards

elements of emotional experience

cognitive component/subjective feelings

physiological component/diffuse and multifaceted

role of nonverbal communication/how important are these nonverbal cues in identification of emotions

behavioral component

culture and elements of emotions/major cultural differences in expression of emotions

theories of emotions

james-lang theory

cannon-bard theory

schachter’s two factor theory

evolutionary theories of emotions

personal application

happiness/factors that predict happiness

good versus strong predictors of happiness

how happy are individuals